India is blessed with an incredibly diverse ecosystem, home to some of the most breathtakingly beautiful trees. From the Himalayas to the Deccan Plateau, each region boasts a unique flora that enhances the natural beauty of the land. Yet, when it comes to landscaping our gardens, we often lean towards exotic plants or ornamental shrubs, overlooking the splendid native trees that not only add aesthetic value but also support local wildlife and require minimal maintenance. Here’s a look at some underutilized yet stunning Indian trees that deserve a spot in our gardens.

Flame of the Forest (Butea monosperma)

Known locally as Palash, this tree is a true spectacle during spring when it bursts into fiery orange and red blooms, earning its nickname. Native to dry and deciduous forests, the Flame of the Forest thrives in poor soils and requires very little water once established. Beyond its beauty, the tree is culturally significant, with its flowers used to make natural dyes and its bark known for medicinal properties. Despite its resilience and charm, it is rarely seen in urban gardens.

Indian Laburnum (Cassia fistula)

The Indian Laburnum, or Amaltas, is synonymous with summer in India. Its long, cascading clusters of bright yellow flowers create a visual feast against the blue skies. A fast-growing and drought-tolerant species, this tree is ideal for gardens, especially in arid or semi-arid regions. While it is a favorite in public parks, private gardens rarely host this treasure, perhaps due to a lack of awareness about its ornamental potential.

Cannonball Tree (Couroupita guianensis)

Though native to South America, the Cannonball Tree has been naturalized in India and holds religious significance in many regions. Its large, fragrant, and intricately designed flowers are a treat for the senses. The tree is named for its round, woody fruits that resemble cannonballs. While its size may seem daunting, it’s perfect for larger gardens or public spaces, providing both shade and a touch of the exotic.

Coral Tree (Erythrina variegata)

Known as the Pangara in India, the Coral Tree is an excellent choice for smaller gardens. Its vibrant red flowers bloom during late winter and early spring, attracting a host of pollinators, including bees and birds. The tree’s thorny trunk and light canopy make it a unique addition to any garden, and its adaptability to various soil types ensures that it can thrive in most regions of the country.

Kadamba (Neolamarckia cadamba)

A favourite in Indian mythology and folklore, the Kadamba tree is known for its spherical, golden-yellow flowers that emit a delightful fragrance. This fast-growing tree thrives in warm, humid climates and is revered in Hindu and Buddhist traditions. Its dense foliage makes it an excellent shade tree, perfect for a garden corner where one can sit and relax. Despite its legendary status, the Kadamba is surprisingly rare in urban landscapes.

Jamun (Syzygium cumini)

The Jamun tree is as useful as it is beautiful. Its glossy green leaves and dark purple fruit make it a striking addition to any garden. The tree is hardy, grows relatively quickly, and provides ample shade. The fruit is not only delicious but also packed with health benefits. Despite its value, the Jamun tree is often overlooked in favour of non-native ornamental trees.

Indian Tulip Tree (Thespesia populnea)

This fast-growing coastal tree, known as Parasa in some regions, produces beautiful yellow flowers with a hint of purple at the base. The Indian Tulip Tree is ideal for gardens in saline or coastal areas due to its high salt tolerance. Its soft, heart-shaped leaves and elegant flowers make it a lovely ornamental tree, though it is rarely planted in urban settings.

Indian Baobab (Adansonia digitata)

Known locally as Gorakh Chinch, the Indian Baobab is a curious tree with a massive, bottle-shaped trunk. It’s a symbol of resilience, surviving in arid conditions with minimal water. The tree’s ancient, almost prehistoric appearance makes it a fascinating addition to gardens, especially for those who enjoy unique, conversation-starter plants.

Golden Silk Cotton Tree (Cochlospermum religiosum)

This tree bursts into vivid yellow flowers during spring, creating a spectacular display before its leaves emerge. Known as Maharukh in India, the Golden Silk Cotton Tree is relatively low-maintenance and thrives in dry regions. Its showy blooms make it a perfect candidate for gardens aiming to make a bold statement.

Why choose native trees?

Native trees offer numerous benefits over exotic species. They are well-suited to the local climate, reducing the need for excessive watering or pest control. They provide food and habitat for native birds, insects, and other wildlife, promoting biodiversity. Moreover, these trees are deeply intertwined with India’s cultural and spiritual heritage, adding a sense of history and identity to your garden.

The next time you plan your garden, consider incorporating these beautiful Indian trees. Not only will they enhance the visual appeal of your space, but they’ll also support the environment and connect you to the rich tapestry of India’s natural heritage. It’s time we embrace these underappreciated gems and let them grace our homes and hearts.

(Sujal Chawathe is a CA by education but a gardener at heart. Her venture Indoor Greens helps urban offices and homes, add and maintain plants)