India imported gold from 48 countries in 2023-24 with varying import duties under FTAs. Gold import duties include 6% for bullion and 5.35% for unrefined gold under MFN rates. Zero duty applies under pacts with ASEAN, Korea, Japan, and Malaysia. The India-UAE agreement includes a 5% duty on bullion and 4.35% for unrefined gold up to 160 tonnes.